Avoiding the trap: Mechanisms developed by pathogens to escape neutrophil extracellular traps

Neutrophils are the first cells of innate immune system that respond to infection by arriving at sites when pathogens have exceeded physical barriers. Among their response mechanisms against is release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which composed deoxyribonucleic acid and antimicrobial proteins such as elastase, myeloperoxidase, peptides, other in granules. The formation considered an effective strategy capture and, some cases, neutralize pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. However, it also known can NETs expressing virulence factors, thus evading effect these structures. These include secretion degrade scaffold, biofilms impede NETs, modification its membrane structure avoid interaction with NETs. In this review, we discuss summarize different employ one more evade NET-mediated response.